Menstrual disorders: investigation and treatment
For most women, the length of the monthly cycle is not exactly 28 days. A few days more or less is not a problem. Menstrual complaints are quite normal during puberty or in the period leading up to menopause. If menstruation is too frequent, too infrequent or too heavy, this should be investigated. Severe pain during one’s period or a missed menstrual period are also reasons to see a gynaecologist. PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is also a matter for a specialist.
What are the causes of excessively heavy or frequent periods?
Excessive menstrual bleeding is often caused by fibroids. These are benign growths in the uterine wall. Inflammation or endometriosis can also be the cause. If periods are too frequent, there is usually an imbalance in the controlling female hormones. Heavy menstrual bleeding leads to iron deficiency and anaemia, which is why treatment is important. Hormone preparations or fibroid surgery can help.
What are the causes of scant or missed periods?
If the menstrual cycle is longer than 35 days, this is unusual, but generally harmless. A cystic change in the ovaries may also be the cause. Adverse lifestyles such as anorexia or competitive sports often result in menstrual disorders. If there is an absence of menstrual periods, stress or life crises may be an underlying factor. The gynaecologist will investigate whether there is a physical or emotional reason for the menstrual symptoms.
What helps with severe pain or mood swings during menstruation?
Severe period pain is caused by hormones. If mood swings, headaches, nausea or vomiting occur, this is referred to as PMS (premenstrual syndrome). A wide range of treatments can be offered. The woman in question must work with the doctor to find out what works best for her. Herbal agents or medication can help with pain relief. Psychological support with relaxation exercises can prove useful. Sometimes hormone preparations or antidepressants are also used.